Ergonomic working position in preventing musculoskeletal disorders among farmers

Abstract

Musculoskeletal problems are common occupational health disorders, especially in groups of farmers with heavy physical activity and non-ergonomic working positions. Unfortunately, farmers' awareness and knowledge of risk factors and prevention are still very low, so complaints tend to be ignored, reducing productivity and quality of life. This study aims to determine the complaints felt by farmers and how ergonomic positions affect farmers' musculoskeletal systems. This study uses a literature review method using secondary data from several trusted sources, such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Proquest. The sources of articles used are from publications from 2020 to 2025. The number of complaints in certain body parts indicates a less ergonomic work pattern. Activities such as bending for a long time and lifting heavy loads without proper technique worsen the condition of muscles and joints. The majority of farmers were found to complain of pain in the lower back, shoulders, and neck. Poor posture and lack of education are the dominant causes of musculoskeletal disorders. Education on ergonomic positions and stretching exercises has improved farmers' understanding and awareness of the importance of maintaining proper working posture and stretching regularly. Simple interventions based on education and physical exercise can be effective preventive measures in reducing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in farmers.