Risk factors of hypertension in the elderly in Indonesia

Abstract

Elderly age is the stage when there is a decline in organ function. The elderly period is related to a decrease in physical ability to live and individual sensitivity. The elderly are a vulnerable group at risk because the elderly are people whose health problems decrease due to the increasing age experienced by the elderly resulting in all systems and functions experiencing a decrease, one of which is experiencing non-communicable diseases, namely hypertension. So, the family becomes the main support system for the elderly in maintaining their health. The study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The keywords used were Hypertension, Risk factors, Elderly, Indonesia using the crossref database and google scholar so that 15 articles were obtained that fit the inclusion criteria. Data was generated from 15 journals that had been screened. A total of 226 journals were obtained using the google scholar and crossref journal search methods. Google scholar as many as 206 and crossref as many as 20 research journals. The results showed that risk factors that have an association with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly include gender, BMI, genetic, age, occupation, obesity, income, family history of hypertension, physical activity, cholesterol level, diet, smoking, previous history of hypertension, and salt consumption. Hypertension is a disease that can be influenced by risk factors that can be changed and cannot be changed. Risk factors play an important role in the occurrence of hypertension in the elderly.