Analysis of parenting patterns on the social and emotional development of children aged 4-5 years

Abstract

Social-emotional development is a critical aspect of early childhood growth and can be influenced by various family-related factors, particularly parenting practices. This study aimed to examine the association between parenting styles and social-emotional development among children aged 4–5 years in the service area of the Lelilef Community Health Center, Indonesia. A correlational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The study population comprised parents of children aged 4–5 years, with 33 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Parenting style was assessed as the independent variable, while children's social-emotional development served as the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test. The findings indicated that 21.2% of parents who applied an authoritarian parenting style had children categorized as having very good social-emotional development. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between parenting style and children’s social-emotional development (p = 0.018; α = 0.05). These results suggest that parenting style is significantly related to social-emotional development among children aged 4–5 years. The study highlights the importance of appropriate parenting practices in supporting optimal social-emotional development during early childhood.