Journal of Fundamental Nursing (JFN)

Ergonomic working position in preventing musculoskeletal disorders among farmers

Nabila Yaanafi Revalina Putri — 2025-11-14

Musculoskeletal problems are common occupational health disorders, especially in groups of farmers with heavy physical activity and non-ergonomic working positions. Unfortunately, farmers' awareness and knowledge of risk factors and prevention are still very low, so complaints tend to be ignored, reducing productivity and quality of life. This study aims to determine the complaints felt by farmers and how ergonomic positions affect farmers' musculoskeletal systems. This study uses a literature review method using secondary data from several trusted sources, such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Proquest. The sources of articles used are from publications from 2020 to 2025. The number of complaints in certain body parts indicates a less ergonomic work pattern. Activities such as bending for a long time and lifting heavy loads without proper technique worsen the condition of muscles and joints. The majority of farmers were found to complain of pain in the lower back, shoulders, and neck. Poor posture and lack of education are the dominant causes of musculoskeletal disorders. Education on ergonomic positions and stretching exercises has improved farmers' understanding and awareness of the importance of maintaining proper working posture and stretching regularly. Simple interventions based on education and physical exercise can be effective preventive measures in reducing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in farmers.

Preferred leadership styles among nursing students preparing for clinical leadership roles

Eko Prasetya Widianto — 2025-11-14

Leadership style plays a crucial role in shaping the work climate, team motivation, and quality of nursing care. As future clinical leaders, nursing students need to recognize their preferred leadership styles early in their education. This study aims to describe the distribution of leadership style preferences among undergraduate nursing students. A quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 112 nursing students. Data were collected using a validated online questionnaire consisting of 15 items measuring five leadership dimensions. The instrument demonstrated good content validity (Content Validity Index = 0.93) and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.87). Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies, means, and standard deviations. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for inferential analysis to examine score differences across dominant leadership groups. Most respondents (61.6%) exhibited a dominant preference for the democratic leadership style, followed by authoritarian (14.2%), laissez-faire (9%), transformational (9%), and transactional (6.2%). The highest mean total score was observed in the democratic dimension (M = 13.71; SD = 1.58), while the lowest was in laissez-faire (M = 10.59; SD = 2.86). Items such as "I will be a role model in discipline, service, and work ethics" (M = 4.68) and "I will motivate staff to work enthusiastically" (M = 4.65) received the highest agreement. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed statistically significant differences in scores across all leadership dimensions based on dominant style (χ²(4) ≥ 9.86; p < 0.05), confirming meaningful differentiation in leadership preferences. Nursing students predominantly prefer democratic and transformational leadership styles, characterized by teamwork, empowerment, role modeling, and open communication. These findings support the integration of evidence-based leadership training into the nursing curriculum to prepare competent, humanistic, and adaptive future clinical leaders.

Assessment of nutritional status among preschool-aged children

Prestasianita Putri — 2025-11-14

Nutritional status during the preschool years is a critical determinant of growth, cognitive development, and long-term health outcomes. However, variations in dietary practices, parental awareness, and socio-environmental factors contribute to diverse nutritional patterns in early childhood. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of preschool-aged children and examine its relationship with gross motor development. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 84 children aged 4–6 years enrolled in formal preschool institutions. Respondents were selected based on inclusion criteria, and anthropometric measurements were performed to classify nutritional status using standardized indicators. Gross motor development was assessed using age-appropriate developmental checklists. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine frequency distributions. The findings showed that most participants were 5 years old (52.4%) and female (59.5%). In terms of nutritional status, half of the children (50.0%) were classified as overnourished, while 27.4% had normal nutrition, and 22.6% were undernourished. No cases of severe malnutrition were recorded. Regarding gross motor development, 67.9% of children demonstrated appropriate development, whereas 32.1% were categorized as doubtful, with no deviations observed. The data highlight the coexistence of overnutrition and undernutrition within the same population, reflecting the double burden of malnutrition. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted nutritional interventions and continuous developmental monitoring in preschool settings. Strengthening parental education and integrating nutrition-sensitive programs in early childhood education are recommended to optimize health and developmental outcomes.

Risk factors of hypertension in the elderly in Indonesia

Hamidah Retno Wardani — 2025-11-14

Elderly age is the stage when there is a decline in organ function. The elderly period is related to a decrease in physical ability to live and individual sensitivity. The elderly are a vulnerable group at risk because the elderly are people whose health problems decrease due to the increasing age experienced by the elderly resulting in all systems and functions experiencing a decrease, one of which is experiencing non-communicable diseases, namely hypertension. So, the family becomes the main support system for the elderly in maintaining their health. The study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The keywords used were Hypertension, Risk factors, Elderly, Indonesia using the crossref database and google scholar so that 15 articles were obtained that fit the inclusion criteria. Data was generated from 15 journals that had been screened. A total of 226 journals were obtained using the google scholar and crossref journal search methods. Google scholar as many as 206 and crossref as many as 20 research journals. The results showed that risk factors that have an association with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly include gender, BMI, genetic, age, occupation, obesity, income, family history of hypertension, physical activity, cholesterol level, diet, smoking, previous history of hypertension, and salt consumption. Hypertension is a disease that can be influenced by risk factors that can be changed and cannot be changed. Risk factors play an important role in the occurrence of hypertension in the elderly.

Family factors influencing adolescent self-esteem in Jember, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional study

Eka Afdi Septiyono — 2025-11-14

Developmental tasks in adolescents supported by families and the environment so that adolescents develop increased self-esteem and self-confidence. This research design used quantitative research methods with crossectional study. The number of samples in this study totaled 154 students. This research was conducted in January-March 2022. The questionnaire for the verbal violence variable uses the Korean Verbal Abuse Questionnaire, which contains 15 questions, while the self-esteem questionnaire uses the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, which contains ten questions. Data analysis used regression logistic. Family variables that affect self-esteem, it is known that variable parent’s economy affects male OR 0.78, CI (0.232, 2.114), and female OR 0.77 CI (0.178, 1.734). Domestic violence against parents affects male OR 0.76 CI (0.128, 1.857), and female OR 0.65 CI (0.218, 1.687). Parental trauma affects male OR 0.56 CI (0.160, 1.724), and female OR 0.41 CI (0.110, 1.784). Parental divorce affects male OR 0.74 CI (0.430, 1.401), and female OR 0.81 CI (0.450, 1.331). Parent's social relations affects male OR 1.13 CI (0.954, 1.263), and female OR 1.13 CI (0.964, 1.263). Parent disability affects male OR 1.46 CI (0.539, 4.262), and female OR 1.22 CI (0.539, 1.322). Verbal violence affects male OR 3.98 CI (0.421, 2.287), and female OR 2.87 CI (0.411, 1.077). The results of the study indicate that age, gender, weight, temperament, social roles, parents' economy, domestic violence, divorce, verbal violence, and disability conditions affect self-esteem. Therefore it is expected that families do not commit violence. In any case, mainly verbal violence so that families can support adolescents in developing self-esteem.