Preterm birth risk associated with maternal preeclampsia

Abstract

Preterm birth is defined as a live birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation and is one of the leading causes of high neonatal morbidity and mortality rates. One of the risk factors strongly associated with preterm birth is preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. This study aims to analyze the relationship between preeclampsia and the incidence of preterm birth at Gambiran Regional Public Hospital, Kediri City. A cross-sectional study design with a retrospective approach was used, based on medical record data. A total sampling technique was applied, involving 215 respondents. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a significant association between preeclampsia and preterm birth, with a p-value of 0.04. The significant p-value indicates that preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. This supports the hypothesis that maternal complications such as hypertension and proteinuria can disrupt normal fetal development and trigger early labor. There is a relationship between preeclampsia and the incidence of preterm birth at Gambiran Regional Public Hospital, Kediri City. Preeclampsia should be considered an important indicator in early screening during labor and neonatal care services to prevent further complications.