Preeclampsia as a risk factor for neonatal asphyxia: A case review at Aura Syifa Hospital

Abstract

Neonatal asphyxia is a condition characterized by the failure of spontaneous and regular breathing at birth or shortly thereafter, marked by hypoxia. This condition occurs due to the suboptimal function of the newborn's organs, particularly in the gas exchange process. One of the maternal factors contributing to neonatal asphyxia is preeclampsia. In mothers with preeclampsia, reduced blood flow to the placenta occurs due to vasoconstriction, which leads to impaired placental function and triggers fetal hypoxia. Prolonged hypoxia disrupts the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the risk of asphyxia. This study aimed to determine the association between preeclampsia and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia at Aura Syifa Hospital, Kediri Regency. This research was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 118 subjects, selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through medical record review over a three-month period. The association between preeclampsia and neonatal asphyxia was analyzed using the Chi-Square test, with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the Chi-Square test (p = 0.003) showed a significant association between preeclampsia and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia at Aura Syifa Hospital, Kediri Regency. The significant Chi-Square result (p = 0.003) indicates that mothers with preeclampsia have a higher risk of giving birth to neonates with asphyxia, likely due to impaired placental blood flow and fetal hypoxia. There is a significant association between preeclampsia and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia at Aura Syifa Hospital, Kediri Regency. It is recommended to monitor pregnant women with preeclampsia closely to prevent neonatal asphyxia, including timely interventions to improve placental perfusion and fetal oxygenation.