Sleep quality in hypertensive patients of productive age

Abstract

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease (NCD) whose prevalence continues to increase in Indonesia, including in productive age groups. Poor sleep quality can increase blood pressure and worsen the condition of hypertension. Therefore, it is important to know the description of sleep quality of hypertensive patients in productive age groups to support efforts to control blood pressure and improve quality of life. This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was 1,829 hypertensive patients aged 18-59 years in the Sukorejo Health Center working area. The sample amounted to 50 respondents who were selected purposively. The inclusion criteria were hypertensive patients of productive age (18-59 years), willing to become respondents, and had a degree of hypertension ≥ degree 1. Exclusion criteria were patients who could not communicate well due to physical or psychological disorders and were not willing to become respondents. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire which consists of 7 components. Data were analyzed univariately in the form of frequency distribution and percentage. Most (74%) had grade 1 hypertension. 56% of respondents had poor sleep quality. The PSQI component shows that 54% of respondents have excellent subjective sleep quality, 84% have sleep duration >7 hours, 82% sleep efficiency >85%, but 84% experience sleep disturbances, 76% experience daytime dysfunction, and no respondents use sleeping pills. Most hypertensive patients of productive age in the Sukorejo Health Center working area have poor sleep quality. Interventions against causative factors such as sleep disturbances and daytime activity dysfunction are needed to support blood pressure control and improve the quality of life of hypertensive patients.