Observation of The Implementation of the 3rd Patient Safety Goal with the 6 Right Approach in Patients with Anemia and Hepatomegaly
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v3i2.325Keywords:
Six rights principles, Patient safety, Medication administrationAbstract
Patient safety is a process related to healthcare facilities that serve patients safely. The global issue of patient safety in health services is an important factor in certifying that hospitals can provide maximum service following Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) to ensure patient safety by the principles of patient safety. The application of the principle of correct medication administration is something that must be considered to minimize patient safety events that can cause harm to patients, health workers, or hospitals. This study aimed to analyze medication administration with the six rights medication principles implemented by nurses in cases of anemia and hepatomegaly in Treatment Room C (RPC) RSU Kaliwates Jember. This type of research is quantitative, using a descriptive analysis case study approach. The results showed that the average total percentage related to applying the six rights principles of medication administration was 70%. The percentage of each indicator includes correct medication (84.62%), correct dose (38.46%), correct time (80.77%), correct patient (65.38%), correct route (61.54%), and correct documentation (66.67%). Based on these results, it is not optimal because the application of the six rights principles of medication administration has not reached a percentage of 100%. Health agencies must update strategies to improve nurse compliance in applying the six rights principles of medication administration.
References
Afandi, A. T., Kurniawan, D. E., & Muliyanti, N. M. A. (2023). Interprofessional Collaboration on Drug Administration to Clients with Diabetes Mellitus at Bali Hospital: A Case Study. D'Nursing and Health Journal (DNHJ), 4(2), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.61595/dnursing.v4i2.712
Alabdullah, H., & Karwowski, W. (2023). Patient Safety Culture in Hospital Settings Across Continents: A Systematic Review. Applied Sciences, 14(18), 8496. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188496
Bakerjian, D. (2023). Improving Quality and Safety in the Care of Older Adults. In Geriatric Medicine: A Person Centered Evidence Based Approach (pp. 1-24). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01782-8_100-1
Bengtsson, M., Ekedahl, A. B. I., & Sjöström, K. (2021). Errors linked to medication management in nursing homes: an interview study. BMC nursing, 20(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00587-2
Botchwey, C. O. A., Boateng, A. A., Ahimah, P. O., Acquah, F., Adoma, P. O., Kumah, E., ... & Koomson, J. B. K. (2024). Patient safety culture and satisfaction in Ghana: a facility-based cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 14(1), e073190. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073190
Domer, G., Gallagher, T. M., Shahabzada, S., Sotherland, J., Paul, E. N., Kumar, K. N., ... & Kaur, P. (2021). Patient safety: preventing patient harm and building capacity for patient safety. In Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety-Volume 1. IntechOpen. https://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100559
Elgnainy, H. A. (2023). Medication Safety in Neonatal Care. In Best and Safe Practices in Different Contexts of Neonatal Care. IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1003600
Fracica, P. J., & Fracica, E. A. (2021). Patient safety. Medical Quality Management: Theory and Practice, 53-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48080-6_4
Gustafsson, M., Silva, V., Valeiro, C., Joaquim, J., Van Hunsel, F., & Matos, C. (2024). Misuse, Abuse and Medication Errors’ Adverse Events Associated with Opioids—A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals, 17(8), 1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17081009
Hawkins, S. F., & Morse, J. M. (2022). Untenable Expectations: Nurses’ Work in the Context of Medication Administration, Error, and the Organization. Global Qualitative Nursing Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/23333936221131779
Jalali, M. (2025). Human Factors and Prevention of Medical Errors. IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1008399
Jin, H., Yao, J., Xiao, Z., Qu, Q., & Fu, Q. (2022). Effects of nursing workload on medication administration errors: A quantitative study. WORK. https://doi.org/10.3233_WOR-211392
Lee, S. E., Choi, J., Lee, H., Sang, S., Lee, H., & Hong, H. C. (2021). Factors Influencing Nurses’ Willingness to Speak Up Regarding Patient Safety in East Asia: A Systematic Review. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14, 1053–1063. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S297349
Luokkamäki, S., Härkänen, M., Saano, S., & Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K. (2021). Registered Nurses' medication administration skills: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 35(1), 37-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12835
Martin, K., Bickle, K., & Lok, J. (2022). Investigating the impact of cognitive bias in nursing documentation on decision-making and judgement. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 31(4), 897-907. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12997
McHugh, S. M., Riordan, F., Kerins, C., Curran, G., Lewis, C. C., Presseau, J., Wolfenden, L., & Powell, B. J. (2023). Understanding tailoring to support the implementation of evidence-based interventions in healthcare: The CUSTOMISE research programme protocol. HRB Open Research, 6, 7. https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13675.1
Mistri, I. U., Badge, A., & Shahu, S. (2023). Enhancing patient safety culture in hospitals. Cureus, 15(12). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51159
Mulac, A., Hagesaether, E., & Granas, A. G. (2021). Medication dose calculation errors and other numeracy mishaps in hospitals: Analysis of the nature and enablers of incident reports. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 78(1), 224-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15072
Ningtias, H., & Sundari, S. (2024). Analysis of the implementation of patient identification in inpatient care. Indonesia Journal of Biomedical Science, 18(1), 10-15. https://doi.org/10.15562/ijbs.v18i1.527
Nora, C. R. D., & Junges, J. R. (2021). Patient safety and ethical aspects: scoping review. Revista Bioética, 29, 304-316. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422021292468
Nur, K., Asmaningrum, N., Wahyuni, S., & Sindi Arika Putri. (2024). The Role of The Nurse in Charge of Care in Providing Medication Based on The Six True Medications . Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ), 2(3), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v2i3.162
Renouard, F., Renouard, E., Rendón, A., & Pinsky, H. M. (2023). Increasing the margin of patient safety for periodontal and implant treatments: The role of human factors. Periodontology 2000, 92(1), 382-398. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12488
Rickard, J. A., Rogers, T., Westerman, D. A., Carolan, C., & Fox, S. B. (2023). Identification errors in medical research: Privacy at all costs? Contemporary Clinical Trials, 130, 107206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2023.107206
Shahzeydi, A., Farzi, S., Rezazadeh, M., Tarrahi, M. J., Farzi, S., & Hosseini, S. A. (2025). Comparison of the effects of medication error encouragement training and low-fidelity simulation on the medication safety competence and knowledge of nursing students: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Education Today, 149, 106676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106676
Soori, H. (2024). Errors in Medical Procedures. In Errors in Medical Science Investigations (pp. 205-224). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8521-0_11
Ștefan, A., Rusu, N., Ovreiu, E., & Ciuc, M. (2024). Empowering Healthcare: A Comprehensive Guide to Implementing a Robust Medical Information System—Components, Benefits, Objectives, Evaluation Criteria, and Seamless Deployment Strategies. Applied System Innovation, 7(3), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi7030051
Suclupe, S., Kitchin, J., Sivalingam, R., & McCulloch, P. (2023). Evaluating patient identification practices during intrahospital transfers: a human factors approach. Journal of Patient Safety, 19(2), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1097/pts.0000000000001074
Sutherland, A., Phipps, D. L., Gill, A., Morris, S., & Ashcroft, D. M. (2023). Medication safety gaps in English pediatric inpatient units: An exploration using work domain analysis. Journal of Patient Safety, 10-1097. https://doi.org/10.1097/pts.0000000000001174
Tabish, S. A. (2024). Health Services Accreditation. In Health Care Management: Principles and Practice (pp. 691-702). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3879-3_32
Webster, C. S. (2022). Existing Knowledge of Medication Error Must Be Better Translated Into Improved Patient Safety. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 870587. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.870587
Yin, H. S., Neuspiel, D. R., Paul, I. M., Franklin, W., Tieder, J. S., Adirim, T., ... & Verhoef, P. A. (2021). Preventing home medication administration errors. Pediatrics, 148(6), e2021054666. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-054666
Zaitoun, R. A., Said, N. B., & de Tantillo, L. (2023). Clinical nurse competence and its effect on patient safety culture: a systematic review. BMC nursing, 22(1), 173. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01305-w
