Causative Factors of Respiratory Tract Disorders among Agricultural Workers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v3i3.327Keywords:
Respiratory Disorders, Farmers, Pesticides, ARI, Personal Protective EquipmentAbstract
Agricultural workers are particularly susceptible to respiratory ailments. This results from exposure to various harmful substances in the workplace, including dust, insecticides, and smoking. Farmers may have acute respiratory illnesses, such as upper respiratory tract infections, or chronic respiratory conditions, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This article aims to examine the literature about respiratory problems encountered by farmers. The databases utilized are Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Science Direct. The specified English keywords are "Dust exposure" AND "Farmer" OR "Rice mill" AND "Lung function". Meanwhile, Indonesian keywords employ the terms "Exposure to dust" AND "Farmers" OR "Rice mill" AND "Lung function". The research findings indicate that respiratory illnesses pose a significant health issue for farmers. To prevent respiratory problems in farmers, minimizing their exposure to harmful substances in their work environment is necessary. The way to overcome this is by using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), ensuring adequate ventilation in rice mills, and carrying out regular health checks to detect and treat respiratory problems early.
References
Achmad, B., Siarudin, M., Widiyanto, A., Diniyati, D., Sudomo, A., Hani, A., Fauziyah, E., Suhaendah, E., Widyaningsih, T. S., Handayani, W., Maharani, D., Palmolina, M., Swestiani, D., Winara, A., Nur, Y. H., Diana, M., Gartika, D., & Ruswandi, A. (2021). Traditional Subsistence Farming of Smallholder Agroforestry Systems in Indonesia: A Review. Sustainability, 14(14), 8631. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148631
Afandi, A. T., Kurniyawan, E. H., Nabilah, P., Purba Wanda, I., Rizki Arum Mauliya, F., Kurniawan, D. E., & Nur, K. R. M. (2023). Overview Leptospirosis in Agricultural: Literature Review. Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ), 1(5), 547–557. https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v1i5.116
Afgrianti, Y., Sulistiyani, S., & Wahyuningsih, N. E. (2020). Karakteristik Pekerja pada Penggilingan Padi di Kecamatan Rowosari Kabupaten Kendal. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 19(5), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.14710/mkmi.19.5.338-344
Aksüt, G., & Eren, T. (2024). Evaluation of personal protective equipment to protect health and safety in pesticide use. Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 9, 1305367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fams.2023.1305367
Alebachew, F., Azage, M., Kassie, G. G., & Chanie, M. (2023). Pesticide use safety practices and associated factors among farmers in Fogera district wetland areas, south Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 18(1), e0280185. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280185
Amalia, R. N., Asnifatima, A., & Khodijah Parinduri, S. (2023). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keluhan Subjektif Gangguan Pernapasan ISPA pada Petani di Kampung Cideruem Kecamatan Caringin Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2022. Promotor, 6(3), 197–203. https://doi.org/10.32832/pro.v6i3.245
Aslam, S., Hussain, B., Riaz, S., Yousaf, M., Sohail, B., Ullah, F., & Hussain, S. (2024). Empowering farmers through science communication: A pesticide risk awareness and adoption framework. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 101491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101491
Asri, A. A. M., Anua, S. M., Safuan, S., Shakri, S. F. M., Hussein, N. S. M., Ishak, N. S., & Zin, R. A. M. (2020). Inhalable Dust Exposure and Lung Function Among Rice Mill, Sawmill and Furniture Factory Workers. Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 16.
Bernasconi, C., Demetrio, P. M., Alonso, L. L., Mac Loughlin, T. M., Cerdá, E., Sarandón, S. J., & Marino, D. J. (2021). Evidence for soil pesticide contamination of an agroecological farm from a neighboring chemical-based production system. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 313, 107341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107341
Carducci, A., Arzilli, G., Atomsa, N. T., Lauretani, G., Verani, M., Pistelli, F., Tavoschi, L., Federigi, I., Fornili, M., Petri, D., Lomonaco, T., Meschi, C., Pagani, A., Agostini, A., Carrozzi, L., Baglietto, L., Paolotti, D., Cattuto, C., & Rizzo, C. (2024). Integrated environmental and clinical surveillance for the prevention of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in indoor environments and vulnerable communities (Stell-ARI): Protocol. PLOS ONE, 19(9), e0309111. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309111
Choudhury, A. R., Rayhan, A., Ahmed, S., Chakrabortty, R., Rahman, M. A., Masud, A. A., Paul, S. K., & Al Hasan, A. S. (2023). Frequency of respiratory symptoms among rice mill workers in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Health Science Reports, 6(2), e1129. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.1129
Clarke, K., Manrique, A., & Coker, E. S. (2020). A Narrative Review of Occupational Air Pollution and Respiratory Health in Farmworkers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084097
Daniel, O., Lukuman, B., Chioma, E. S., Hajara, Z., & Adoche Inalegwu, N. (2022). Effects of Dust Particles on Human Respiratory System among Otukpo Rice Mill workers. International Journal of Research in Environmental Science, 8(3), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0803002
Dhansoia, V., Majumdar, V., Manjunath, N. K., Singh Gaharwar, U., & Singh, D. (2022). Breathing-Focused Yoga Intervention on Respiratory Decline in Chronically Pesticide-Exposed Farmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 807612. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.807612
Elhamalawy, O., Bakr, A., & Eissa, F. (2024). Impact of pesticides on non-target invertebrates in agricultural ecosystems. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 202, 105974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105974
Górny, R. L., Cyprowski, M., Golofit-Szymczak, M., Lawniczek-Walczyk, A., Stobnicka-Kupiec, A., & Wolska, L. A. (2023). Production of pro-inflammatory mediators stimulated by exposure of poultry house workers to airborne dust particulates. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/174201
Hasibuan, A., Adina, N., Handayani, F., & Harahap, S. (2023). Analisis Pengelolaan Dan Dampak Debu Di Kilang Padi Terhadap Pekerja Di Pt. Mgs Tanjung Selamat Kec. Pancur Batu Kab. Deli Serdang. Zahra: Journal Of Health And Medical Research, 3(3), 420-428.
Hemathilake, D., & Gunathilake, D. (2021). Agricultural productivity and food supply to meet increased demands. Future Foods, 539-553. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91001-9.00016-5
Krismanuel, H., & Hairunisa, N. (2024). The Effects of Air Pollution on Respiratory Problems: A Literature Review. Poltekita: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 18(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.33860/jik.v18i1.3151
Kurniawan, D. E., Kurniyawan, E. H, Ferdy Rivaldi, M., Yahya Fahrezi, R., Risqi Aprianti, S., Tri Afandi, A., & Rosyidi Muhammad Nur, K. (2023). Personal Hygiene Reduces the Risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Worm Infection. Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ), 1(6), 656–664. https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v1i6.129
Kurniyawan, EH., Angela Irena Junanda, Hersanti Maulia Putri H, Meri Katrin Dwi Cayani, Alfid Tri Afandi, Dicky Endrian Kurniawan, and Kholid Rosyidi Muhammad Nur. (2023). Ultraviolet Lights Effect on Farmer Health and Productivity: Literature Review. Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) 3 (1):24-31. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v3i1.169
Mahawati, E. (2022). Effect of safety and hygiene practices on lung function among Indonesian farmers exposed to pesticides. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH). https://doi.org/10.11576/seejph-5331
Nguyen, D., & Tsai, C. S. (2024). Inadequate Personal Protective Equipment Factors and Odds Related to Acute Pesticide Poisoning: A Meta-Analysis Report. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(3), 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030257
Nur, K. R. M., Narulia Sari, N., Salsabila, H., Firda Azza Zahra, A., Zhafirah Nur Nashirah, M., Hadi Kurniyawan, E., & Endrian Kurniawan, D. (2024). Risk Factors for Occupational Diseases Due to Exposure to Ultraviolet Rays among Agricultural and Outdoor Workers. Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ), 2(2), 172–180. https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v2i2.142
O’ Brien, C., Kingston, L., Plant, B. J., & Coffey, A. (2023). Lung Health in Farming: A Scoping Review. Journal of Agromedicine, 28(3), 335–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2023.2178573
Poole, J. A., Zamora-Sifuentes, J. L., De las Vecillas, L., & Quirce, S. (2024). Respiratory Diseases Associated With Organic Dust Exposure. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 12(8), 1960-1971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2024.02.022
Puvvula, J., Baccaglini, L., Johnson, A., Du, Y., Bell, J. E., & Rautiainen, R. H. (2022). Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pulmonary Conditions among Farmers and Ranchers in the Central United States. Journal of Agromedicine, 27(4), 378–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2021.2025180
Rullah, I., Arlianti, N., & Arbi, A. (2023). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kecenderungan Gejala Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) Pada Pekerja Kilang Padi Di Kecamatan Sukamakmur Kabupaten Aceh Besar Tahun 2022. Journal of Health and Medical Science, 2(1), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.51178/jhms.v2i1.1031
Sachan, S. (2022). Health impacts of pesticides on farm applicators. Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 277-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91900-5.00014-X
Sirait, R. A., , V. N., & Ginting, L. R. B. (2020). Hubungan Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (Apd) Dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (Ispa) Pada Pekerja Kilang Padi. Jurnal Kesmas Dan Gizi (Jkg), 2(2), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.35451/jkg.v2i2.417
Suryadi, I., Matin, H. H. A., Suhardono, S., Rinawati, S., Rachmawati, S., & Kusumaningrum, L. (2021). Correlation with dust exposure rice milling worker’s lung function capacity in Sub-District Kerjo. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 623(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/623/1/012033
Yushananta, P., Melinda, N., Mahendra, A., Ahyanti, M., & Anggraini, Y. (2020). Faktor Risiko Keracunan Pestisida Pada Petani Hortikultura Di Kabupaten Lampung Barat. Ruwa Jurai: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.26630/rj.v14i1.2138
Zhou, W., Li, M., & Achal, V. (2025). A comprehensive review on environmental and human health impacts of chemical pesticide usage. Emerging Contaminants, 11(1), 100410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100410
