Analysis of Determinant Factors Influencing Compliance with Patient Safety Incident Reporting Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Authors

  • Alfi Yudisianto Master Program of Public Health, Universitas STRADA Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Nurwijayanti Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas STRADA Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Prima Dewi Kusumawati Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas STRADA Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v3i6.545

Keywords:

Compliance, Incident Reporting, Theory Of Planned Behaviour, Patient Safety

Abstract

Patient safety is a priority for healthcare services because it can lead to serious public health issues. Incident reporting is crucial for enhancing patient safety. This study aims to analyze the determinants of patient safety incident reporting compliance using the Theory of Planned Behavior. This study employed a cross-sectional design, with the population consisting of medical and nursing staff, involving 116 participants selected using a simple random sampling technique. The analysis in this study used Logistic regression analysis. The study found that health professionals reported high levels of bullying (56.9%), poor patient safety culture (75.0%), low protection motivation (53.4%), and non-compliance in reporting patient safety incidents (55.2%). Logistic regression analysis, which had the potential to comply with incident reporting, showed low bullying (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 0.69-4.81), good patient safety culture (aOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 0.93-9.25), and high protection motivation (aOR: 1.91; 95% CI: 0.86-4.25). The importance of analyzing the factors that influence compliance in reporting patient safety incidents is based on the theory of planned behavior, which suggests that low workplace bullying, a good patient safety culture, and high protection motivation are the primary determinants of compliance in reporting patient safety incidents.

References

Albaalharith, T., & A’aqoulah, A. (2023). Level of Patient Safety Culture Awareness Among Healthcare Workers. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 16, 321–332. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S376623

Alfayez, A., Althumairi, A., Aljuwair, M., Althukair, D., & Aljabri, D. (2025). Factors Affecting Patient Safety Near Miss Reporting: A Systematic Review. Journal of Advanced Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.70033

Asante, K., & Novak, P. (2024). Predicting nurses’ safety compliance behaviour in a developing economy, using the theory of planned behaviour: A configurational approach. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 80(3), 1097-1110. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15846

Barekati, H., Rakhshanderou, S., Mehrabi, Y., Mazar, L., & Ghaffari, M. (2025). Theory-driven approach to hand hygiene promotion intervention in hospitals: A case of theory of planned behaviour. Health Education Research, 40(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyaf007

Bates, D. W., Levine, D. M., Salmasian, H., Syrowatka, A., Shahian, D. M., Lipsitz, S., Zebrowski, J. P., Myers, L. C., Logan, M. S., Roy, C. G., Iannaccone, C., Frits, M. L., Volk, L. A., Dulgarian, S., Amato, M. G., Edrees, H. H., Sato, L., Folcarelli, P., Einbinder, J. S., Reynolds, M. E., … Mort, E. (2023). The Safety of Inpatient Health Care. The New England Journal of Medicine, 388(2), 142–153. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa2206117

Bauer, A. G., Williams, J., Hambrick, E., Rempfer, M., Bennett, K., Christensen, K., & Berkley-Patton, J. Y. (2024). Mental health attitudes, norms, beliefs, and experiences with care among young Black men: A theory of planned behavior assessment. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 16(4), 653. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/tra0001462

Bierbaum, M., Yu, Y., Molloy, C. J., Bowditch, L., Salmon, P. M., Middleton, S., Braithwaite, J., & Hibbert, P. (2025). Decades of failure to prevent harm to patients—Where are we going wrong? A mixed methods study of the perspectives of health services staff across Australia and internationally. Frontiers in Health Services, 5, 1645575. https://doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2025.1645575

Braaten, J. S., & Wild, K. (2024). Safety in sight: illuminating hidden barriers to zero harm. In The Nexus between Nursing and Patient Safety (pp. 43-63). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53158-3_3

Falade, I. M., Gyampoh, G. K. S., Akpamgbo, E. O., Chika, O. C., Obodo, O. R., Okobi, O. E., ... & Chukwu, V. U. (2024). A comprehensive review of effective patient safety and quality improvement programs in healthcare facilities. Medical Research Archives, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i7.5649

Fekadu, G., Tobiano, G., Muir, R. et al. Factors influencing patient safety incident reporting in African healthcare organisations: a systematic integrative review. BMC Health Serv Res 25, 619 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12762-1

Goekcimen, K., Schwendimann, R., Pfeiffer, Y., Mohr, G., Jaeger, C., & Mueller, S. (2023). Addressing Patient Safety Hazards Using Critical Incident Reporting in Hospitals: A Systematic Review. Journal of Patient Safety, 19(1), e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000001072

Gong, Y. (2022). Challenges and opportunities of patient safety event reporting. Accident and Emergency Informatics, 133-150. https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI220014

Gorry, J., Gibson, L., Bukenya, D. J., Odeyemi, P., & Brown, M. O. (2023). Patient safety, global governance, and the right to health in integrated primary health care. In Research Handbook on Patient Safety and the Law (pp. 193-205). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802207064.000018

Hemsworth, D., Muterera, J., Khorakian, A., & Garcia-Rivera, B. R. (2024). Exploring the theory of employee planned behavior: job satisfaction as a key to organizational performance. Psychological Reports, 00332941241252784. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241252784

Hesgrove, B., Zebrak, K., Yount, N. et al. (2024). Associations between patient safety culture and workplace safety culture in hospital settings. BMC Health Serv Res, 24, 568. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-10984-3

Indriani, M., Kusumapradja, R., & Anindita, R. (2022). Leadership Style, Blame Culture, and Perceived Organizational Support for Patient Safety Incident Reporting at RSIA at Jakarta. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(6), 304-312. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.6.1674

Kumbi M, Hussen A, Lette A, Nuriye S, Morka G. (2020). Patient safety culture and associated factors among health care providers in Bale Zone Hospitals, Southeast Ethiopia : an institution-based cross-sectional study. Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety, 12(1–14). https://doi.org/10.2147/DHPS.S198146

Lee, S., & Vincent, C. (2021). Analysis and Evaluation of the Theory of Planned Behavior. ANS: Advances in Nursing Science, 44(4), E127–E140. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000369

Mash, R. J., Adamson, K., Isaacs, A., Hendricks, G., Fouche, J., Morgan, J., ... & Viljoen, W. (2025). Implementation of the patient safety incident guideline in district health services, Western Cape. South African Family Practice, 67(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v67i1.6108

Poku, C.A., Attafuah, P.Y.A., Anaba, E.A. et al. Response to patient safety incidents in healthcare settings in Ghana: the role of teamwork, communication openness, and handoffs. BMC Health Serv Res 23, 1072(2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10000-0

Sarkar, N. (2025). Enhancing patient safety using failure mode and effect criticality analysis: a benchmarking study on selected hospitals. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 32(8), 2892-2910. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-03-2024-0212

Shemsu, A., Dechasa, A., Ayana, M., & Tura, M. R. (2024). Patient safety incident reporting behavior and its associated factors among healthcare professionals in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia: A facility based cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 6, 100209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100209

Shojania, K. G. (2021). Incident Reporting Systems: What Will It Take to Make Them Less Frustrating and Achieve Anything Useful? The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 47(12), 755-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2021.10.001

Van Marum, S., Verhoeven, D., & de Rooy, D. (2022). The Barriers and Enhancers to Trust in a Just Culture in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review. Journal of Patient Safety, 18(7), e1067–e1075. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000001012

Downloads

Published

2025-12-09

How to Cite

Yudisianto, A., Nurwijayanti, & Kusumawati, P. D. (2025). Analysis of Determinant Factors Influencing Compliance with Patient Safety Incident Reporting Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ), 3(6), 728–737. https://doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v3i6.545